Organic light emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer further includes: i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region including at least one selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region including an electron transport layer and at least one selected from a hole blocking layer and an electron injection layer; and wherein the electron transport region includes a compound represented by Formula 1 or a compound represented by Formula 2:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0025232, filed on Feb. 23, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and have excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and can produce full-color images.

An organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode positioned on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, sequentially stacked on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers (e.g., holes and electrons) are then recombined in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons can change from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to an organic light-emitting device including materials that can be utilized as electron transport materials due to their excellent light-emitting characteristics and charge transporting capability.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, provided is an organic light-emitting device including:

a first electrode;

a second electrode facing the first electrode; and

an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer,

wherein the organic layer further includes i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region including at least one selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region including an electron transport layer; and at least one selected from a hole blocking layer and an electron injection layer; and

the electron transport region includes a compound represented by Formula 1 or a compound represented by Formula 2:

wherein in Formulae 1 and 2,

R₁, R₂ and R₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —P(═S)R₁₃R₁₄, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, and —S(═O)R₁₆;

L₁, L₂ and L₃ may be each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₇—, —P(═S)R₁₈—, —S(═O)₂—, and —S(═O)—;

X may be —O— or —S—;

R₁₁ to R₁₈ may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a1 to a3 may be each independently an integer of 0 to 3;

l to n may be each independently an integer of 0 to 2;

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇);

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, provided is a flat panel display device including the organic light-emitting device, wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is electrically connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode of a thin film transistor.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the present embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, which is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the present embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the drawing, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of” or “at least one selected from”, when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.”

An organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer,

where the organic layer further includes: i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region including at least one selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region including an electron transport layer and at least one selected from a hole blocking layer and an electron injection layer; and

the electron transport region includes a compound represented by Formula 1 or a compound represented by Formula 2:

In Formulae 1 and 2,

R₁, R₂ and R₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —P(═S)R₁₃R₁₄, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, and —S(═O)R₁₆;

L₁, L₂ and L₃ may be each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₇—, —P(═S)R₁₈—, —S(═O)₂—, and —S(═O)—;

X may be O or S;

R₁₁ to R₁₈ may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a1 to a3 may be each independently an integer of 0 to 3;

l to n may be each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and

at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇),

where Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In comparative organic light-emitting devices, organic metal complexes (including, for example, organic mono-molecular materials) that have a relatively excellent stability with respect to electrons and a relatively high electron movement speed may be used as electron transport materials. For example, Alq₃ is known to those skilled in the art to exhibit excellent stability and high electron affinity. However, when Alq₃ is used in blue light emitting devices, color purity may be reduced due to emission by exciton diffusion.

Also, germanium, silicon cyclopentadiene derivative, benzoimidazole derivative and/or the like are known in the art as the electron transport materials. Additionally, PBD (2-biphenyl-4-yl-5-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) derivative bonded to a Spiro compound and TPBI (2,2′,2″-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole), both having excellent blocking capability and excellent electron transport capability are also known in the art as the electron transport materials.

However, organic light-emitting devices including an electron transport layer with the organic mono-molecular material tend to have a short emission lifespan, and low preservative durability and reliability. These problems occur at least in part due to a physical or chemical change of an organic material, an optochemical or electrochemical change of the organic material, oxidation of a cathode, or exfoliation and lack of durability of the organic material.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the compounds represented by any one of Formula 1 and Formula 2 may function as electron transport materials for organic light-emitting devices. For example, the compounds represented by any one of Formula 1 and Formula 2 have a high glass transition temperature Tg or a high melting point, and thus have increased resistance to Joule heating generated in the organic layer, between the organic layers, or between the organic layer and a metal electrode and increased resistance in a high-temperature environment.

Accordingly, the organic light-emitting device including the compounds described above has high durability with respect to preservation and driving. In the embodiments where the compounds including heteroatoms are introduced, light-emitting characteristics of the resulting organic light-emitting device are improved, thereby improving the overall characteristics of the organic light-emitting device.

Substituents of Formula 1 will now be described in more detail.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, R₁ to R₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —P(═S)R₁₃R₁₄, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, and —S(═O)R₁₆.

In some embodiments, R₁ to R₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, —S(═O)R₁₆ and groups represented by Formulae 2a-2g:

In Formulae 2a-2g,

H₁ is NR₂₁, CR₂₂R₂₃, O or S, where R₂₁, R₂₂, R₂₃ and Z₁ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group and a carboxy group;

p is an integer of 1 to 9; and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, L₁, L₂ and L₃ may be each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group.

In some embodiments, L₁, L₂ and L₃ may be each independently selected from a single bond and groups represented by Formulae 3a-3c:

in Formulae 3a-3c, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, Formula 1 may be represented by Formula 3 or Formula 4 below:

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention,

the organic layer may include:

i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region including at least one selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a buffer layer; and

ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region including an electron transport layer and at least one selected from a hole blocking layer and an electron injection layer; and

the electron transport layer may include a compound represented by Formula 1 or a compound represented by Formula 2.

In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2 may be one of Compounds 1-89 illustrated below:

The term “organic layer” used herein refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of an organic light-emitting device. A material included in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

The drawing is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to one or more embodiments of the present invention. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments of the present invention and a method of manufacturing the same will be described in connection with the drawing.

In the drawing, a substrate may be additionally positioned under the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or transparent plastic substrate, each with excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water-resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work function so as to make holes be easily injected. The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 110 may be a transparent and highly conductive material, and non-limiting examples of such a material include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). When the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, the material for forming the first electrode may be selected from magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

An organic layer 150 is positioned on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from a hole transport layer (HTL), a hole injection layer (HIL), a buffer layer, and an electron blocking layer, and the electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL), but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed of a single material, a single-layered structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layer structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure of a hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/buffer layer, a hole injection layer/buffer layer, a hole transport layer/buffer layer, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, sequentially stacked from the first electrode 110, but the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 by using (utilizing) one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging.

When the hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, for example, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and at a deposition rate of about 0.01 to about 100 Å/sec, depending on the compound for forming the hole injection layer to be deposited, and the structure of the hole injection layer to be formed.

When the hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating rate of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm, and at a temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., depending on the compound for forming the hole injection layer to be deposited, and the structure of the hole injection layer to be formed.

When the hole transport region includes a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or the hole injection layer by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole transport layer is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the hole transport layer may be the same as (or similar to) the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid (pani/CSA), polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201 below and a compound represented by Formula 202 below:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may be each independently understood by referring to the description provided herein in connection with L₁;

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may be each independently selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa4 may be each independently 0, 1, or 2;

xa5 may be 1, 2, or 3;

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1 below, but is not limited thereto:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A below, but is not limited thereto:

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ in Formulae 201A, 201A-1 and 202A are already described above; R₂₁₁ may be understood by referring to the description provided herein in connection with R₂₀₃; and R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₆ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃ may be each independently selected from a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xa1 to xa3 may be each independently 0 or 1;

R₂₀₃, R₂₁₁, and R₂₁₂ may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ may be each independently selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spino-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

R₂₁₅ and R₂₁₆ may be each independently selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

xa5 may be 1 or 2.

R₂₁₃ and R₂₁₄ in Formulae 201A, and 201A-1 may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

The compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may each independently include compounds HT1 to HT20 illustrated below, but are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole transport region may be about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, and for example, about 100 Å to about 1500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or unhomogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present embodiments are not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of the p-dopant include quinone derivatives, such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) and/or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); metal oxides, such as tungsten oxide and/or molybdenum oxide; and Compound HT-D1 illustrated below.

The hole transport region may further include a buffer layer and/or an electron blocking layer, in addition to the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Since the buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, light-emission efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved. For use as a material included in the buffer layer, materials that are included in the hole transport region may be used. The electron blocking layer may prevent or substantially block the injection of electrons from the electron transport region.

An emission layer is formed on the first electrode 110 or the hole transport region by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging. When an emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the emission may be the same as (or similar to) those for the hole injection layer.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer, according to a sub pixel. In some embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, or may include a red-light emission material, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emission material, which are mixed with each other in a single layer, to emit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant.

The host may include, for example, at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (herein also referred to as “DNA”), CBP, CDBP, and TCP:

In some embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301 below.

Ar₃₀₁-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb2).  Formula 301

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene; and

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃) (where Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group);

a description of L₃₀₁ may be understood by referring to the description provided in connection with L₂₀₁;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

xb1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xb2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

For example, in Formula 301,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301A below:

Descriptions of substituents represented by Formula 301A may be understood by referring to their respective descriptions provided herein.

The compound represented by Formula 301 may include at least one selected from Compounds H1 to H42, but is not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the host may include at least one selected from Compounds H43 to H49 below, but is not limited thereto:

The dopant may include at least one selected from a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complex represented by Formula 401 below:

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and thulium (Tm);

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may be each independently nitrogen (—N—) or carbon (—C—);

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ rings may be each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene; and

at least one substituent of the substituted benzene, substituted naphthalene, substituted fluorene, substituted spiro-fluorene, substituted indene, substituted pyrrole, substituted thiophene, substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substituted pyrazole, substituted thiazole, substituted isothiazole, substituted oxazole, substituted isoxazole, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine, substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substituted quinoline, substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline, substituted quinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazole, substituted benzoimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substituted benzothiophene, substituted isobenzothiophene, substituted benzoxazole, substituted isobenzoxazole, substituted triazole, substituted oxadiazole, substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, and substituted dibenzothiophene may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅), and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and a non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂), —Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅) and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁))(Q₄₂₀), —S(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇),

where Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₁, Q₄₀₇, Q₄₁₁ to Q₄₁₇, and Q₄₂₁ to Q₄₂₇ are each independently defined the same as Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇;

L₄₀₁ may be an organic ligand;

xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3; and

xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3.

In some embodiments, L₄₀₁ may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L₄₀₁ may be selected from a halogen ligand (for example, Cl and/or F), a diketone ligand (for example, acetylacetonate, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, and/or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (for example, picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, and/or benzoate), a carbon monooxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and a phosphorous ligand (for example, phosphine, and phosphite), but is not limited thereto.

When A₄₀₁ in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the substituents of A₄₀₁ may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When A₄₀₂ in Formula 401 has two or more substituents, the substituents of A₄₀₂ may bind to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, a plurality of ligands

in Formula 401 may be identical to or different from each other. When xc1 in Formula 401 is two or more, A₄₀₁ and/or A₄₀₂ of one ligand may be respectively connected to A₄₀₁ and/or A₄₀₂ of other neighboring ligands, either directly (for example, via a single bond) or via a linker or a linking group (for example, a C₁-C₅ alkylene group, —N(R′)— (where R′ may be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group) or —C(═O)—) therebetween.

The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one selected from Compounds PD1 to PD74 below, but is not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEP:

The fluorescent dopant may include at least one selected from DPVBi, DPAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C545T.

In some embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501 below.

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene; and

a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₅₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₅₀₁)(Q₅₀₂)(Q₅₀₃) (where Q₅₀₁ to Q₅₀₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group);

Descriptions of L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ are the same as the descriptions provided herein in connection with L₂₀₁;

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may be each independently selected from:

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

xd1 to xd3 may be each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3; and

xb4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

The fluorescent host may include at least one selected from Compounds FD1 to FD8.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

An electron transport region may be positioned on the emission layer.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer, but is not limited thereto.

When the electron transport region includes a hole blocking layer, the hole blocking layer may be formed on the emission layer by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the hole blocking layer is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the hole blocking layer may be similar to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

The hole blocking layer may include, for example, at least one selected from BCP and Bphen, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the hole blocking layer may be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thickness of the hole blocking layer is within any of these ranges, the hole blocking layer may have excellent hole blocking characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region may have a structure ofan electron transport layer/electron injection layer, or a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, sequentially stacked on the emission layer, but is not limited thereto.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the organic layer 150 of the organic light-emitting device includes an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 190, and the electron transport region includes an electron transport layer. The electron transport layer may include a plurality of layers. For example, the electron transport layer may include a first electron transport layer and a second electron transport layer.

The electron transport layer may include one or more of the compounds represented by any one of Formula 1 and Formula 2.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport layer may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) and/or ET-D2.

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that allows for the electrons to be easily provided from the second electrode 190.

The electron injection layer may be formed on the electron transport layer by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging. When the electron injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the electron injection layer may be the same as (or similar to) those for the hole injection layer.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, and LiQ.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 190 is positioned on the organic layer 150 having the structure according to embodiments of the present invention. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode which is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be selected from a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof, which have a relatively low work function. Non-limiting examples of the material for forming the second electrode 190 include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In some embodiments, the material for forming the second electrode 190 may be ITO and/or IZO. The second electrode 190 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, an organic layer may be formed by depositing the compound of the present embodiments, or may be formed by using (utilizing) a wet method in which the compound of the present embodiments is prepared in the form of a solution and then the solution of the compound is used for coating.

The organic light-emitting device may be used (included) in various flat panel display apparatuses, such as a passive matrix organic light-emitting display apparatus and/or an active matrix organic light-emitting display apparatus. For example, when the organic light-emitting device is included in an active matrix organic light-emitting display apparatus, the first electrode positioned on the substrate acts as a pixel electrode and may be electrically connected (or coupled) to a source electrode or a drain electrode of a thin film transistor. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting device may be included in a flat panel display apparatus that emits light in opposite directions.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to the drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Hereinafter, definitions of substituents used herein will be presented (the number of carbon numbers used to define a substituent is not limited, and does not limit properties of the substituent, and unless defined otherwise, the definition of the substituent is consistent with a general definition thereof).

A C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms in the main chain, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a ter-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁ (where A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at one or more positions along a carbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group (e.g., in the middle or at either terminal end of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group having one carbon-carbon triple bond at one or more positions along a carbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group (e.g., in the middle or at either terminal end of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalent hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group having at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and at least one double bond in the ring thereof, and does not have aromaticity. Non-limiting examples of the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and/or the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as the remaining ring-forming atoms. A C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms as the remaining ring-forming atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and/or the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused to each other.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₂ (where A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group refers to a monovalent group represented by —SA₁₀₃ (where A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms (for example, 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as ring-forming atoms, and does not have overall aromaticity. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein refers to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to each other, at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P and S as a ring-forming atom and carbon atoms (for example, 2 to 60 carbon atoms) as the remaining ring-forming atoms, and does not have overall aromaticity. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In the present specification, at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇);

where Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇);

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinol group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇);

where Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a furinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group.

The term “Ph” used herein refers to a phenyl group, the term “Me” used herein refers to a methyl group, the term “Et” used herein refers to an ethyl group, and the term “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t)” used herein refers to a tert-butyl group.

Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail.

Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 1

Synthesis of Intermediate I-1

2-amino benzimidazole (1.33 g, 10 mmol), p-bromo-benzaldehyde (1.85 g, 10 mmol), and phenyl acetylene (2.2 mL, 20 mmol) were dissolved in 60 mL of acetonitrile, and then, CuI (0.38 g, 2.0 mmol) was added thereto, and the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, silver carbonate (0.54 g, 2.0 mmol) was added thereto, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 6 hours. The obtained reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and then, was filtered using a Celite, the resultant solvent was evaporated, and the residual was separation-purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 2.84 g (yield of 71%) of Intermediate I-1. The obtained compound was identified by LC-MS. C₂₂H₁₄BrN₃: M+1 400.0

Synthesis of Compound 1

4.0 g of Intermediate I-1 (10 mmol), 1.72 g of 1-naphthalene boronic acid (10 mmol), 0.58 g of Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.5 mmol), and 2.76 g of K₂CO₃ (20 mmol) were dissolved in a mixture solution of THF/H₂O (2:1 in volume ratio) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 12 hours. The obtained reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and extracted three times with 30 mL of water and 30 ml of ethylacetate. The collected organic layer was dried using magnesium sulfate, and then, the residual obtained by evaporating a solvent therefrom was separation-purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 3.40 g (yield of 76%) of Compound 1. The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR. C₃₂H₂₁N₃ cal. 447.17. found 447.18.

Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of Compound 8

Synthesis of Intermediate I-2

2.38 g of Intermediate I-2 (yield 53%) was obtained in the same (or substantially the same) manner as the one used to synthesize Intermediate I-1, except p-bromo-naphtaldehyde was used instead of p-bromo-benzaldehyde. The obtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₆H₁₆BrN₃: M+1 450.1

Synthesis of Compound 8

2.88 g of Compound 8 (yield 61%) was obtained in the same (or substantially the same) manner as the one used to synthesize Compound 1, except 4-cyanophenylboronic acid was used instead of 1-naphthalene boronic acid, and Intermediate I-2 was used instead of Intermediate I-1. The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR. C₃₃H₂₀N₄ cal. 472.17. found 472.16.

Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of Compound 17

Synthesis of Compound 17

4.00 g of Intermediate I-1 (10 mmol) was dissolved in 40 mL of THF, and 4 mL of normal butyllithium (2.5M in Hexane) was added to the resulting solution at −78° C. After one hour, 2.20 g of chlorodiphenylphosphine (10 mmol) was slowly added thereto, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours, then warmed up to room temperature, and then water was added thereto, followed by cleaning three times using 30 mL of ethylacetate. The resulting ethylacetate layer was dried using MgSO₄. After removing a solvent, the resulting product was dissolved in 25 mL of dichloromethane, and 2 mL of hydrogen peroxide was added thereto, and then the obtained mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Then, 20 mL of water was added thereto, and an extraction process was performed thereon three times with 20 mL of dichloromethane. The collected organic layer was dried using magnesium sulfate, and then, the residual obtained by evaporating a solvent therefrom was separation-purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain 3.70 g (yield of 71%) of Compound 17. The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR. C₃₄H₂₄N₃OP cal. 521.17. found 521.16.

Synthesis Example 4 Synthesis of Compound 52

Synthesis of Intermediate I-3

2.68 g of Intermediate I-3 (yield of 67%) was obtained in the same (or substantially the same) manner as the one used to synthesize Intermediate I-1, except benzaldehyde was used instead of p-bromo-benzaldehyde, and 1-bromo-3-ethylene benzene was used instead of phenylacetylene. The obtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₂H₁₄BrN₃: M+1 400.0

Synthesis of Compound 52

3.13 g of Compound 52 (yield of 63%) was obtained in the same (or substantially the same) manner as the one used to synthesize Compound 1, except 9-phenanthrene boronic acid was used instead of 1-naphthalene boronic acid, and Intermediate I-3 was used instead of Intermediate I-1. The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR. C₃₆H₂₃N₃ cal. 497.19. found 497.18.

Synthesis Example 5 Synthesis of Compound 70

Synthesis of Intermediate I-5

2.40 g of Intermediate I-5 (yield of 60%) was obtained in the same (or substantially the same) manner as the one used to synthesize Intermediate I-1, except benzaldehyde was used instead of p-bromo-benzaldehyde, and 5-bromo-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-amine was used instead of 2-amino benzimidazole. The obtained compound was confirmed by LC-MS. C₂₂H₁₄BrN₃: M+1 400.0

Synthesis of Compound 70

4.13 g of Compound 70 (yield of 72%) was obtained in the same (or substantially the same) manner as the one used to synthesize Compound 1, except Intermediate I-6 was used instead of 1-naphthalene boromic acid, and Intermediate I-5 was used instead of Intermediate I-1. The obtained compound was identified by MS/FAB and ¹H NMR. C₄₂H₂₇N₃ cal. 573.22. found 573.20.

Additional compounds were synthesized using the same (or substantially the same) synthesis method as described above and appropriate intermediate materials, and ¹H NMR and MS/FAB results of the synthesized compounds are shown in Table 1 below.

Methods of synthesizing compounds other than the compounds shown in Table 1 should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by referring to the synthesis path and source materials described above.

TABLE 1 MS/FAB Compound ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) found calc. 1 δ = 8.21-8.17 (m, 2H), 7.91-8.88 (m, 1H), 7.87-7.77 447.18 447.17 (m, 8H), 7.65-7.63 (dd, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.77-6.75 (m, 1H) 8 δ = 8.55-8.53 (dd, 1H), 8.25-8.23 (m, 1H), 8.15-8.13 472.16 472.17 (m, 1H), 7.91-7.80 (m, 6H), 7.76-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.10-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.99-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.68 (dd, 1H) 11 δ = 8.31-8.28 (m, 2H), 7.89-7.80 (m, 6H), 7.75-7.70 547.19 547.20 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.51 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.73-6.71 (dd, 1H) 17 δ = 8.17-8.14 (m, 2H), 8.08-8.03 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.89 521.16 521.17 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 3H), 7.44-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.74-6.72 (dd, 1H) 26 δ = 8.40-8.39 (m, 1H), 8.31-8.28 (m, 2H), 8.18-8.17 587.22 587.21 (m, 1H), 8.05-8.02 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.89 (dd, 1H), 7.85-7.78 (m, 5H), 7.71-7.69 (dd, 1H), 7.64-7.61 (dd, 1H), 7.56-7.46 (m, 5H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.08-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.75-6.73 (dd, 1H) 38 δ = 8.55-8.53 (m, 2H), 8.50-8.48 (m, 2H), 8.03-8.02 575.20 575.21 (m, 2H), 7.92-7.87 (m, 3H), 7.83-7.81 (m, 4H), 7.78-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (dd, 2H), 7.56-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.18 (m, 5H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.71 (dd, 1H) 43 δ = 8.01-7.99 (m, 2H), 7.91-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.81-7.75 466.14 466.15 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.37-7.18 (m, 9H), 7.11-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.40-6.39 (m, 1H), 6.26-6.24 (m, 1H) 52 δ = 8.72-8.70 (m, 1H), 8.63-8.61 (m, 1H), 8.29 (t, 1H), 497.18 497.19 8.24-8.21 (m, 2H), 8.02-7.99 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.84 (m, 3H), 7.76-7.63 (m, 5H), 7.57-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.39-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 7.09-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.69-6.67 (m, 1H) 57 δ = 8.40-8.39 (m, 1H), 8.24-8.22 (m, 2H), 8.19-8.16 683.25 683.24 (m, 3H), 7.94-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.84-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.69 (dd, 1H), 7.64-7.61 (dd, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 6H), 7.37-7.25 (m, 4H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.09-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.71 (m, 1H) 67 δ = 7.83-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.73 (dd, 1H), 7.65-7.63 450.18 450.17 (dd, 1H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 5H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 4H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 3H), 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.36-6.34 (m, 1H), 5.41-5.39 (m, 1H) 70 δ = 8.25-8.22 (m, 2H), 8.18-8.16 (dd, 1H), 7.99-7.97 573.20 573.22 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 8H), 7.71-7.70 (dd, 1H), 7.69-7.68 (dd, 1H), 7.62-7.60 (dd, 1H), 7.56-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.26 (m, 6H), 7.22 (s, 1H) 76 δ = 8.47-8.45 (m, 1H), 8.43-8.41 (m, 1H), 8.25-8.22 587.22 587.21 (m, 2H), 7.97-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.77 (m, 7H), 7.71-7.68 (dd, 1H), 7.58-7.46 (m, 7H), 7.34-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.21 (s, 1H) 85 δ = 8.65-8.63 (m, 2H), 8.28-8.27 (m, 1H), 8.25-8.22 474.20 474.18 (m, 2H), 7.94-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.88-7.77 (m, 7H), 7.72-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.56-7.52 (m, 3H), 7.31-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H)

Example 1

An anode was prepared by cutting a Corning 15 Ω/cm² (1200 Å) ITO glass substrate to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, ultrasonically cleaning the glass substrate by using isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes each, and then irradiating UV light for 30 minutes thereto and exposing to ozone to clean. Then, the obtained anode was loaded into a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on the anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å, and then 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylan amino group]biphenyl(hereinafter, NPB) was vacuum deposited thereon to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

9,10-di-naphthalene-2-yl-anthracene (ADN) (as a blue fluorescent host), and 4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi) (as a blue fluorescent dopant), were co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a weight ratio of 98:2 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

Subsequently, Compound 1 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then, LiF (a halogenated alkali metal), was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was vacuum deposited to form a cathode having a thickness of 3000 Å, thereby completing manufacturing of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that in forming the electron transport layer, Compound 8 was used instead of Compound 1.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that in forming the electron transport layer, Compound 17 was used instead of Compound 1.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that in forming the electron transport layer, Compound 52 was used instead of Compound 1.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that in forming the electron transport layer, Compound 70 was used instead of Compound 1.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that in forming the electron transport layer, Compound 76 was used instead of Compound 1.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Example 1, except that in forming the electron transport layer, Compound 200, which is known in the art, was used instead of Compound 1.

Results of evaluations of the organic light-emitting devices manufactured according to Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-6 are shown in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Electron Driving Current Half transport voltage density Brightness Efficiency Emission lifespan (hr @ material (V) (mA/cm²) (cd/m²) (cd/A) color 100 mA/cm²) Example 1 Compound 3.93 50 3,840 7.68 Blue 407 hr 1 Example 2 Compound 4.05 50 3,975 7.95 Blue 469 hr 8 Example 3 Compound 4.11 50 3,830 7.66 Blue 535 hr 17 Example 4 Compound 3.88 50 3,765 7.53 Blue 448 hr 52 Example 5 Compound 3.97 50 3,805 7.61 Blue 443 hr 70 Example 6 Compound 4.08 50 3,870 7.74 Blue 488 hr 76 Comparative Compound 5.12 50 3,105 6.58 Blue 317 hr Example 1 200

As illustrated by the results provided in Table 2, when the compounds having the structure represented by any one of Formula 1 and Formula 2 according to embodiments of the present invention were used to manufacture organic light-emitting devices, the resulting organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1-6 had lower driving voltage, better I-V-L characteristics including a significantly higher efficiency, and longer lifespan, than the organic light-emitting device according to Comparative Example 1.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, the organic light-emitting device has high efficiency, low voltage, high luminance, and a long lifespan.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

In addition, as used herein, the term “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein. All such ranges are intended to be inherently described in this specification such that amending to expressly recite any such subranges would comply with the requirements of 35 U.S.C. §112(a), and 35 U.S.C. §132(a).

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the drawing, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims and equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer comprising an emission layer, wherein the organic layer further comprises: i) a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole transport region comprising at least one selected from a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, and a buffer layer, and ii) an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the electron transport region comprising an electron transport layer and at least one selected from a hole blocking layer and an electron injection layer; and wherein the electron transport region comprises a compound represented by Formula 1 or a compound represented by Formula 2:

wherein in Formulae 1 and 2, R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —P(═S)R₁₃R₁₄, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, and —S(═O)R₁₆; L₁, L₂ and L₃ are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₇—, —P(═S)R₁₈—, —S(═O)₂—, and —S(═O)—; X is —O— or —S—; R₁₁ to R₁₈ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a1 to a3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; l to n are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C_(r) C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) and —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇); and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅) and —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇, Q₂₁ to Q₂₇, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —P(═S)R₁₃R₁₄, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, and —S(═O)R₁₆.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a cyano group, —P(═O)R₁₁R₁₂, —S(═O)₂R₁₅, —S(═O)R₁₆ and groups represented by the Formulae 2a to 2g:

wherein in Formulae 2a to 2g, H₁ is NR₂₁, CR₂₂R₂₃, —O—, or —S—, R₂₁, R₂₂, R₂₃ and Z₁ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, a halogen group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a hydroxyl group, and a carboxy group; p is an integer of 1 to 9, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₁, L₂ and L₃ are each independently selected from a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group.
 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₁, L₂ and L₃ are each independently selected from a single bond and groups represented by Formulae 3a to 3c:

where in Formulae 3a to 3c, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 1 is represented by Formula 3:


7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound of Formula 2 is represented by Formula 4:


8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the electron transport layer comprises the compound represented by Formula 1 or the compound represented by Formula
 2. 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the compound represented by Formula 1 and the compound represented by Formula 2 are each independently selected from Compounds 1-89:


10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the hole transport region comprises a charge-generating material.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 10, wherein the charge-generating material is a p-dopant.
 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 11, wherein the p-dopant is selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound.
 13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the quinone derivative is tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ).
 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the metal oxide is a tungsten oxide or a molybdenum oxide.
 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the cyano group-containing compound is Compound HT-D1:


16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the electron transport region comprises a metal complex.
 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the metal complex is a Li complex.
 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the metal complex is a lithium quinolate (LiQ) or Compound ET-D2:


19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the organic layer is formed by using a wet process.
 20. A flat display apparatus comprising the organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode of the organic light-emitting device is electrically connected to a source electrode or a drain electrode of a thin film transistor. 